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John Galt and Larry Thorpe, presented their views on a realistic, scientifically valid way to gauge the quality of recorded pictures that belies the theory that “it’s all about the pixels.” The sessions were held at Panavision’s global headquarters in Woodland Hills (CA, USA), and taped in high definition video with three cameras before a live audience of cinematographers, and other craftsmen, studio executives and the media. The sessions have been edited, and can now be viewed online in the Panavision Screening Room, a variety of professional and popular online video outlets, colleges and university film schools.
Table of Contents: Part 1 - What’s in a Pixel?
A short history of CCD/CMOS development, Sub-sampling and Super-sampling, HD lens and camera design strategies, Photosites - the tradeoff between resolution, dynamic range, and noise, Digital output signals from cameras, UHDTV, 2K and 4K cameras, and DCI Standards for 2K and 4K. Part 2 - Keeping Harry Happy
The Nyquist Theorem, linking optical and digital sampling, The implications of Fill factor and optical low pass filtering, The Nyquist boundaries of of motion pictures, and Limiting resolution. Part 3 - Introducing MTF
Introduction to MTF, Introduction to an individual element’s contribution to final MTF, Transferring contrast, Cascading MTFs, Introduction to Otto Schade, Perceived picture sharpness and MTF, Edge Sharpness, image textures, and resolving power. Part 4 - Diving Deeper into MTF
Pixels are not resolution, Practical measurements of MTF, Introduction to sinusoidal MTF charts, The Panavision sinusoidal MTF Chart, MTF benches for measuring lenses, Cascaded MTF of a DI, Sensor MTF response, Depth of Field, MTF measurements of real world lenses. Part 5 - Three Chip Digital Cameras
Line pairs per Millimeter, Differences between HDTV and SDTV lens standards, a demonstration of the MTF-Aliasing dilemma using three chip cameras, Loading the imager MTF into the digital container. Part 6 - Single Sensor Cameras (Bayer)
The resolution metric for a Bayer pattern sensor, Diagonal sampling Bayer pattern sensors, Optical lowpass filter options for single Bayer pattern sensors. Part 7 - Single Sensor Cameras Continued
Spectral response, Camera color balance: Daylight v. Tungsten, Digital Intermediate MTF comparison between Genesis and 5218, Bayer vs. RGB striped sensors. “Demystifying Digital Camera Specifications” is a meaningful way to understand clearly where each part of the movie-making process plays its part.
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